1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?

Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.

There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.

A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain

and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.

2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?

Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.

There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.

A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain

and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.

3. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which of the following statements is important when considering the significance and relevance of a study’s problem and purpose?

Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?

Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings?

Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study?

Does it promote theory testing or development?

Does it identify extraneous variables?

4. When considering the feasibility of a study’s problem and purpose, Grove & Gray (2019) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?

(Select all that apply.)

Funding sources for the study were clearly identified in the article.

The author’s credentials to design and conduct research are described.

Evidence of protection of the subjects’ rights was mentioned in this article.

100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.

5. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):

Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem

Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem

Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built

To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.

6. Select two MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:

This experimental and prospective study aims to evaluate the effects of labor dance.

Labor pain has major effects on both mother and fetus.

Patients were excluded if they underwent cesarean section, had induced labor, or received narcotic analgesics.

Emotional support by significant others enhances the effect of pain control efforts.

7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (all information included before the “Methods”) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article (count articles from 2015 to 2020). This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that meet this criterion. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL?

5

7

10

13

14

8. Which one of these statements best describes this study’s research framework?

The framework is based on the gate control theory of pain.

The framework is based on endorphin theory.

The framework is based on the humanistic care model.

The framework is based on the biomedical care model.

The framework is not clearly described by the authors.

9. What are some of the key concepts in this study’s theoretical framework?

(Select all that apply)

Random sampling

Emotional support

Perceived pain

Pre-eclampsia

10. Which one of the statements below is an example of a relational statement from the theoretical framework?

Subjects were eligible to be included if they had no pre-eclampsia.

This experimental and prospective study aims to evaluate the effects of labor dance.

The support provided by people whose company is desired by pregnant women during the labor

process is the main factor that improves the effective use of non-pharmacological methods.

The labor dance starts in the active labor phase of the first labor stage and continues until the end of the first stage.

11. On page 311, the authors state that the first research objective, question, or hypothesis was: “This experimental and prospective study aims to evaluate the effects of labor dance, which is applied during the active phase of labor, on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.”

This is best described as a

Research objective

Research question

Research hypothesis

None of the above

12. Which of these are considered to be MAJOR study variables in this study?

(Select all that apply.)

Pregnant women

Dance duration

Cesarean section

Number of pregnancies

Apgar score

Perceived pain

13. What is the conceptual definition of the following study variable: labor dance? 

Labor dance is a method of body movement with a partner combined with massage from the partner intended to mobilize emotional support. 

Participants who met the inclusion criteria and received training with a spouse or partner were assigned to the DPSG group.

Labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.

Labor dance is measured by assignment to one of the labor dance groups.

14. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: perceived pain?

Women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on perceived pain.

Pain was measured by visual analogue scale when cervical dilation was 4 cm. and 9 cm. 

A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain.

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to cope with labor pain.

15. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study?

(Select all that apply.)

Age

Gender

Education

Occupation

Race

Religion

16. The authors describe this study as experimental. According to the classification system in Grove and Gray (2019), which phrase best describes the research design of this study?

Descriptive

Correlational

Quasi-experimental

Experimental

Predictive correlational

17. Which phrase best describes the time element of the research design of this study?

Cross-sectional design

Longitudinal design

None of the above

18. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?

The authors do not describe an intervention or treatment.

The authors mention an intervention or treatment but do not describe the details.

The authors mention an intervention or treatment and describe the details.

The visual analogue pain scale measurement at cervical dilation 4 cm. and 9 cm. can be considered an intervention or treatment.

19. Does the author specifically mention that any piloting was done prior to conducting this study?

Yes

No

20. The authors indicate on page 311 of the article that the Ege University Research Ethics Committee approved the study. This indicates that there was ethical approval to conduct the research. In addition, an informed consent would be provided to each participant. Per Grove & Gray (2019), which of the following would NOT be considered essential information for informed consent?

(Select all that apply.)

A statement of the research purpose and any long-term goals of the study

A copy of the abstract of the article that will be used in the publishing journal.

An explanation of the procedures to be followed in the study

A complete list of references to be used in the study.

Please use the following article to answer above questions. 

Akin, B., & Saydam, B. K. (2020). The effect of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes. Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing, 16(5), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.017