*** ***** step ** correct ********* ** disease ** * patient is ** **** *** ******* ******* ********* ****** ********* ask ******* *********** about ******* ******** such as *** ***** ******** *** ******** ****** *** **** **** ** physical examination ** the patient ***** listening ** *** patient’s description of *** ******* ** *** symptoms ********** ********* ******* * ******** examination ********** ********* Percussion *** Auscultation *** *** **** ********** ** ******** *********** ** general ********** physician ******** ******* body ******* *** ********** ** *** patient *** **** site of ****** is inspected ******* ***** ********** physician uses ******* hands and ******* ** **** *** **** of *** ******* ** **** *** **** *********** as **** ** ** **** ********** parts ** **** ** *** ******* **** procedure ** ***** as ********* ***** ********* ********* **** **** parts ** *** *********** ***** ******* ** tissues and **** ** ***** ** percussion ******* ************ ** listening ** **** ****** with *** help ** ************** pressure of ***** ******* on *** ***** ** ******** ** ****** ******** ***** ******** or simply ***** ******** ** ***** ** ****** ***** at * **** ******** ***** *** ******** ***** ******** ** ***** **** ** instrument ****** sphygmomanometer *** the **** ** ***** ******** ** ******* millimetres ** mercury *** Hg) *** ***** ******** by **** ********** is ******** ** ***** of *** ******** **** *** air ******** becomes equal ** *** ***** ******** ** *** ****** ****** Blood ******** is measured ****** *** ****** ** *** ********* ***** ***** *** ******** ******** ** ******** **** ** *** **** ******** exerted ** ******** walls **** **** ********* ** the heart ********* ** *** process ** ******* *** ***** ** ****** ******* ***** *** ******** ***** ******** ** ***** *** ** ** ** ** **** ****** ****** limit ** ******** ***** pressure *** the diastolic pressure ** checked ** ** *** ******* ******** **** **** ****** *** **** beat **** the heart ** ******* *** ***** is ******* **** ** In * normal ******* *** ********* ***** pressure is ***** ** ** ** It ** also called ***** ***** ** ******** ***** ******** ***** ***** pressure ** * ****** ****** ** ****** mm ** However **** ******** *** ********* ******** increase with *** ** ***** ******** ** * ***** **** ****** is ***** mm Hg in ***** age ** ** around 1080 ** ** and ** *** *** ** ** 150/90 mm ** Blood ******** increases **** *** ******* ******** ***** ****** ***** *** **** ******* ***** *** *** of 60 ** case ** ** Smith *** ***** ******** ** ******** ** be 160/100 ***** means that *** systolic blood ******** ** *** ** ** and diastolic ***** pressure ** 100 ** Hg Thus it can ** **** that ** ********* ***** ******** ** *** within *** ****** ***** ***** **** ** ********** **** ** is ********* from Hypertension * ****** **** ***** ******** ******* ** ** is said to **** hypertension Sustained rise ** ***** ******** above 140/90 mm ** is ****** ************ It ********** hardening of *** ******** (atheroma) ** *** lead to ***** ******* ******** artery ******* and ******* * rise ** *********** ***** may lead to ********** of cholesterol ** *** ***** ** *** blood ******* **** causes ******** ** lose ***** ********** *** get ********* producing *** ********* known as arteriosclerosis ******** *** enlarged **** plaques ***** ***** **** sclerosis lead ** ********* ** ******** *** ************** ********* ********* ***** *** ** ***** *** *** *** CT **** ** ********* **** of body ** ******** *** ******* Laboratory ***** which **** ********* ***** ***** ******* ***** ******** ***** ***** ***** ******* Electrolyte panel **** ******** ** ***** Adrenocorticotropic ******* ****** **** blood aldosterone and ***** **** Urine ****** *** **** to ***** *** ********* ********** ****** ******* Potassium and ** **** urinary *********** **** * ******** **** ** done ** measure *** ***** ** *** ******** ******* in *** blood ** ********* ********* asked to ***** level of cortisol ******* in ***** ******* it was found ********* ** **** his adrenal glands **** enlarged and *** ***** ******** was also high ** Mr Smith **** levels ** cortisol *************** have **** found ***** ********* ******* ********************* ** ******* ******* tests of ** ***** *** be ***** ************************ ********* *********************************** ************************** ************* ***************** AldosteroneNormal24 **** ******* ******************************** ******************** Hormone)AboveCortisolAboveThus ** can be **** **** ***** ***** **** ***** of *********** ******* ACTH *** ******** are ***** *** reference ***** in the ***** ** ** ***** Cortisol is **** by *** ******* ****** *** this ******* helps ** metabolism of ************* ******** *** fats ** **** **** ***** to maintain ******* level ** *** ***** *** ***** of cortisol ** the ***** ******** ***** *** ***** in * ******** ********** ******* It peaks early ** the ******* then declines ********** the *** reaching *** ****** level ***** ******** ********** ***** ******* 2009) This ******* *** ****** **** * person ***** ********* ****** ***** as the ***** ****** and ****** ** ********* times ** *** *** *** ** *** ****** ********* **** * disease ** condition ****** ****** ** stimulates ******** ********** Cortisol ****** ** up **** *** ********* ***** releases ******* ******* called ******************* ******* ****** ******* & Pagana ***** ****** cortisol ******* ** ***** leads ** Cushing’s ******** ****** ** ******** in the blood ***** ** **** blood ***** ********** ** ***** in Urine rise in ****** ****** *** concentration ******** in plasma ********* *** ************* ************ etcApart **** ***** ********** tests ** ***** also underwent *** and CT **** ******* ********** CT ******** ********* *********** Scanning) is ******** X-ray imaging It does *** **** *** image ******** on *** ************ **** as X-ray but * ******** ************ *** ***** of ****** ** ***** seen *** ** ******** provide **************** scanning of *** ***** *** ******** **** ********** all ******* ** the ***** **** **** in *** **** of ***** ***** The ********* X-rays **** **** *** ********* which convert X-ray photons **** scintillations *** ********* response ** ******** proportional ** *** ****** ** photons and *** number ** photons ******** *** ******* ** tissue ******* *** ************** produced *** ********** *** ******** ********* *** *********** goes ** a computer ***** ******** *** ******* **** **** X-ray ********** ** various ******* ** **** **** ******* ** ** *** **** ** vast ****** ** digital ******** **** can be *********** ** * ****** ***** **** numerical ***** ** *********** ** * single picture element ******* CT ******** ***** ** ********* ** ******* and *** possibilities ** their ****** in ************ ******* *** ****** It ***** ** ********* of diseases ** ***** spinal **** ***** *** abdomen ******** ********* Imaging (MRI) ** * ******** ************ **** ******* **** *** ******* brain and ****** **** *** now *** ** **** *** ********* ****** ** any ***** ** tissue in any ***** *** ********* ** ***** ** ******** ********* ********* ** nuclei ** ******** ***** when exposed to ** external ******** field MR **** ******** ** * **** ****** ****** * ***** transmitter * ************** ******** **** *** * ******** *** ****** ** tunnel ****** *** big ****** ** ******* a human ***** *** ******* ** ******** to ** ******** ******* ** does not *** X-rays *** **** is **** **** hazards ** ********* ********** ***** Berger ***** * **** ***** ********** ** ** scan **** ****** ** * risk for *********** of ******* ***** ** ******* ********* Henzlova ***** Rajagopalan 2007) *** *** ****** ****** ** any plane ** ** *** **** part; ** **** can **** only *************** imaging ** *** ** **** *** studying ****** ********** ** ************ ** ***** ****** ** carbon phosphorus *** Sodium *** metabolic ********** can ** documented at ****** ***** ******* MRI machine ** very ********* ** does not show ***** of bone *** calcium It ** *** suitable *** patients **** ******* **** makers *** with ******** ******************* ** **** of ** Smith *** ******** metastasis ** ******** ****** ** ******* tissue ********* ** ****** obstruction of ********* *** ** nodular enlargement ** adrenal glandsIt has **** ********* **** ** Smith has ********** ******** ************** **** ***** **** ** ***** is ********* **** ********** ******** ****** ******** ****** occurs in males **** ******* develop in *** ******** gland **** **** ****** ******* ******* the ******** ***** **** the lymph nodes bones *** other ******* **** ** ** ***** as ********** prostate cancer ** ** ***** ******** ****** *** ****** ** ******* ******* ***** ***** ** *** started ********* ** the ***** *** development of ********** ******** ****** *** ********* with the **** ** *** **** ****** ** scan ****** ****** **** adrenal glands **** ****** ******** **** **** result ** ********* production ** cortisol ******* ***** was ********* ** the ***** test Level ** cortisol ** *** blood ** ** Smith *** ***** ** ** 1555microg/dl ***** ** very high ** compared ** ********* ***** ***** microg/dL) **** **** ***** ** ******** ** the ***** can ** due ** increased **** ******* ***** ****** ***** is **** seen ** laboratory tests ** has **** ******** **** ******** *** **** **** levels ** secretion ** **** ******* *** **** **** ************ ** **** as hypokalaemia ********* ********* (Jammalamadaka ******* ***** ****** ***** *** ****** ** ********* *** ** *** ***** *** ******* **** ****** **** Mr ***** ** ********* **** ********** ************ (“Renal Fellow ******** *** **** hypomagnesemia result in ********** **************** ************ ************* **** ** ****** * complete and ******** ******* ** ********* ****** ****** any ******** ***** treatment of * ******* **** ******* ** ********* ***** ****** **** ******* *********** about ******* history ** * patient ******** ** ****** **** of ********* which ** ********* ** ******* ******* ********* and ********** **** do ******** *********** ** patient *** ****** ***** ********** tests and diagnostic ********** ***** ** ** ******** **** ***** diagnosis *** identification of medical ******* ** done by studying ******* ** ********** ******* and scans ***** ******* ********* have to follow * scientific procedure *** ******* ********* and treatment of *** ******* ******* diagnosis ***** ** ********* part ** planning treatment ** * ******* *** **** ******* ********* ****** ** **** careful *** prevent *************************** ***** ******** **************** ***** *** diagnostic procedures(5thed) ** ***** *** Saunders ****************** ********** ***** ************ ****** ********** **** ** ****** ********** **** ********* Exposure **** 64Slice ******** ********** Coronary *********************** of *** American Medical ***************** ******* ********************************* ***** ********* ******* ****** ** ********** *** ********** tests(8thed) Philadelphia: ******* Kluwer Health/Lippincott ******** & WilkinsJammalamadakaD ******** ***** ******* (2010) ********** Hypokalemia- From Ectopic ******************* ******* ********* ****** TumorWebmedCentral *************** **************** ***** ******** ************* ****** ** ********** *** ********** ************ ** ***** Mo: ******************* ****** Network: *** **** ************** result in ********** hypokalemia? **** *** ***** ***** December ** ********* **** ****************************************************************************

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