______________ is the science of understanding individuals—animals as well as people.
Question options:
a)  Archaeology
b)  Sociology
c)  Anthropology
d)  Psychology

Question 2  1 / 1 point
______________ psychologists treat and assess relatively healthy people and assist them with career and vocational interests.
Question options:
a)  Cognitive
b)  Counseling
c)  Clinical
d)  Health

Question 3  1 / 1 point
______________ psychology is also known as folk psychology.
Question options:
a)  Popular
b)  Clinical
c)  Scientific
d)  Research

Question 4  1 / 1 point
Which of the following questions is most likely to be discussed by a developmental psychologist?
Question options:
a)  Why are we attracted to particular kinds of people?
b)  How does the presence of other people change an individual’s thoughts, feelings, or perceptions?
c)  How do people visualize objects in their minds?
d)  How does parent-infant bonding affect adult relationships?

Question 5  0 / 1 point
Which of the following questions is most likely to be discussed by a cognitive psychologist?
Question options:
 
a)  How does the presence of other people change an individual’s thoughts, feeling, or perceptions?
b)  Why are we attracted to particular kinds of people?
c)  How do people visualize objects in their minds?
d)  How does parent-infant bonding affect adult relationships?

Chapter 1 Perspectives in Psychology
Question 6  1 / 1 point
Psychoanalysis assumes that:
Question options:
a)  dreams have no meaning to or relationship with the unconscious mind.
b)  social forces are the most powerful motivators of adult behavior.
c)  underlying biological events such as hormonal changes mediate all human behavior.
d)  the unconscious mind is the most powerful motivator of behavior.

Question 7  1 / 1 point
Which of the following psychologists asserted that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives?
Question options:
a)  Abraham Maslow
b)  Carl Rogers
c)  John Watson
d)  William James

Question 8  1 / 1 point
Mary Whiton Calkins:
Question options:
a)  opened the first psychology laboratory in the United States.
b)  started the first scientific journal in American psychology, the American Journal of Psychology.
c)  was the first female president of the American Psychological Association.
d)  was a student of Sigmund Freud.

Question 9  1 / 1 point
Wilhelm Wundt is credited with:
Question options:
a)  developing the discipline of psychophysics.
b)  evaluating the effects of social forces on one’s behavior.
c)  identifying the effects of childhood experiences on the development of our adult personality.
d)  giving psychology its independence from philosophy and physiology.

Chapter 1 Evolutionary psychology
Question 10  1 / 1 point
Structures or features that perform a function that did not arise through natural selection are often called _____________.
Question options:
a)  exaptations
b)  adaptations
c)  chance mutations
d)  habits

Question 11  1 / 1 point
Jack is a psychologist. Rather than just describing what the mind does, he is more interested in the functions of the human mind. Jack is a(n) ______________ psychologist.
Question options:
a)  evolutionary
b)  gestalt
c)  clinical
d)  positive

Chapter 1 Nature versus Nurture
Question 12  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is shown by Kandel (2006) with respect to certain genes in the human brain?
Question options:
a)  They cannot facilitate new connections between neurons in an adult brain.
b)  They do not differ between organisms despite variations in experience.
c)  They are all present and functional at birth.
d)  They can be turned on or off by our experiences.

Question 13  1 / 1 point
Which of the following concepts allows for the idea that a soul survives bodily death?
Question options:
a)  Nature versus nurture
b)  Mind-body dualism
c)  Evolutionary theory
d)  Natural selection

Question 14  1 / 1 point
In terms of the nature-nurture debate, psychologists’ contemporary view is that human behavior is:
Question options:
a)  solely a product of ancestral influences.
b)  a product of the interdependence between biology and experience.
c)  mostly a product of environmental experience.
d)  mostly a product of biology, inborn tendencies, and genetically based traits.

Chapter 1 Research Method
Question 15  1 / 1 point
Which of the following types of psychologists is most likely to conduct research on the age at which the usage of Internet social networks peaks?
Question options:
a)  Developmental psychologist
b)  Evolutionary psychologist
c)  Clinical psychologist
d)  Educational psychologist

Question 16  1 / 1 point
In the context of electronic interactions, being publicly private means:
Question options:
a)  avoiding online interactions with those people whom you have never met face-to-face.
b)  connecting with many other people, while being relatively nonpublic about revealing who you are.
c)  disclosing a lot of details of your private life.
d)  ensuring that you remove all the traces of your electronic interactions.

Chapter 2 Scientific Method
Question 17  1 / 1 point
If there is scientifically sound evidence for something—even if it is difficult to explain—and it has been replicated, we have to ____________ it.
Question options:
a)  test
b)  rectify
c)  predict
d)  accept

Question 18  1 / 1 point
Which of the following would be considered a pseudoscience?
Question options:
a)  Anthropology
b)  Biology
c)  Astrology
d)  Psychology

Question 19  1 / 1 point
A theory is defined as:
Question options:
a)  a practice that appears to be and claims to be science, even though it does not use the scientific method to come to conclusions.
b)  a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.
c)  a set of related assumptions from which testable predictions can be made.
d)  the repetition of a study to confirm the results.

Question 20  1 / 1 point
The first step in obtaining a sample is for the researchers to decide the makeup of the ____________ in which they are interested.
Question options:
a)  group
b)  descriptive design
c)  topic of research
d)  variable

Question 21  1 / 1 point
When a researcher is interested in a particular question or topic that is relatively new to the field, it is best to use a(n) ____________.
Question options:
a)  representative sample
b)  experimental study
c)  descriptive design
d)  case study

Question 22  1 / 1 point
Cal believes that a larger percentage of a city’s population will engage in public displays of affection in highly populated cities due to feelings of anonymity when an individual is among a lot of other people. He watches people’s interactions with each other in the university area, and unobtrusively counts the number of couples who are holding hands, hugging, or kissing. He then does the same in the sparsely populated city of Stillwater, Oklahoma. The research method Cal used is known as ____________.
Question options:
a)  interviewing
b)  a true experiment
c)  naturalistic observation
d)  a case study

Question 23  1 / 1 point
____________ measure two or more variables and their relationship to one another.
Question options:
a)  Correlational designs
b)  Descriptive statistics
c)  Descriptive designs
d)  Random assignments

Question 24  0 / 1 point
The ____________ is the middle score, which separates the lower half of scores from the upper half.
Question options:
a)  mean
b)  frequency
c)  median
d)  mode

Question 25  1 / 1 point
The ____________ is a statistical measure of how much scores in a sample vary around the mean.
Question options:
a)  standard deviation
b)  mode
c)  mean
d)  median

Question 26  1 / 1 point
The process of informing participants of the exact purposes of the study, revealing any and all deceptive practices, and explaining why they were necessary to conduct the study and ultimately what the results of the study were is known as ____________.
Question options:
a)  debriefing
b)  scientific thinking
c)  decreeing
d)  descriptive statistics

Question 27  1 / 1 point
What does recent research in consciousness through neural firing suggest?
Question options:
a)  An individual in a vegetative state can show signs of awareness without wakefulness.
b)  An individual in a vegetative state cannot react to any stimulus from the environment.
c)  Behavioral responsiveness is not the only determining factor of an individual’s capacity to communicate with other people.
d)  Behavioral non-responsiveness cannot be the sole determinant of one’s ability to interact with the world.

Question 28  1 / 1 point
Which of the following acts as a stage for the “main event” of the brain at a given moment in time?
Question options:
a)  consciousness
b)  memory
c)  perception
d)  cognition
Question 29  1 / 1 point
People show signs of intentional behavior when they are:
Question options:
a)  in an unconscious state.
b)  comatose.
c)  minimally conscious.
d)  in a subconscious state.

Question 30  1 / 1 point
Which of the following refers to a phenomenon by which one fails to notice unexpected objects in his/her surroundings?
Question options:
a)  change phenomenon
b)  inattentional blindness
c)  subliminal perception
d)  visual masking

Question 31  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is found to be the most distracting while driving causing significantly slower reaction times?
Question options:
a)  using the phone with a hands-free device
b)  texting
c)  eating
d)  chatting with someone in the vehicle

Question 32  1 / 1 point
Which of the following best describes narcolepsy?
Question options:
a)  A sleep disorder that causes an almost irresistible urge to move your legs or arms.
b)  A sleep disorder where the facial muscles are hyperactive.
c)  A sleep disorder that involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness.
d)  A common sleep disorder in which breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to blockage of the upper airways.

Question 33  1 / 1 point
What did Barber and colleagues find when they asked students to complete a daily sleep log and online diaries of perceived stress in life over a five-day period?
Question options:
a)  A few days of sleep deficiency early on in the week can add to psychological strain but can be offset with sleep later in the week.
b)  A few days of sleep deficiency early in the week does not contribute to psychological strain.
c)  A few days of sleep deficiency early in the week can contribute to psychological strain later in the week despite attempts to offset with subsequent sleep.
d)  Consistent sleep patterns can wear us down as the body then cannot adjust suitably to any inconsistency in sleep that may arise.

Question 34  1 / 1 point
Which of the following refers to a concept that enables one to know and make up for one’s sleep deficit?
Question options:
a)  sleep debt
b)  sleep apnea
c)  narcolepsy
d)  sleep onset latency

Question 35  1 / 1 point
In humans, a surge of melatonin release occurs during the:
Question options:
a)  night.
b)  morning.
c)  evening.
d)  afternoon.

Question 40  1 / 1 point
When do people respond easily to hypnosis?
Question options:
a)  When they are fully conscious.
b)  When they are relaxed.
c)  When they have voluntary control of their own behavior.
d)  When their critical faculties of mind are in control.

Question 41  1 / 1 point
Which of the following refers to a term that numbs the mind and creates an alcohol-like effect?
Question options:
a)  endorphins
b)  morphine
c)  opioids
d)  sedatives
Question 42  0 / 1 point
 Why would a personnel psychologist want to employ an intelligence test?
Question options:
a)  If the job is complex
b)  If the job is minimum wage
c)  If the job is simple
d)  If the job pays well
Question 43  1 / 1 point
 Which of the following is not a characteristic of a structured interview?
Question options:
a)  Similar questions are asked to all job candidates
b)  The interviewer tends to show great warmth and compassion
c)  Less open ended
d)  Focuses on how a job candidate would resolve work conflicts
Question 44  1 / 1 point
 Butch is an employee at the “Gaggle” corporation. At “Gaggle,” he has contributed a number of innovations. In fact, his clients and other customers rave about his enthusiasm and commitment to the Gaggle corporation. It sounds like Butch could be a/an __________ employee.
Question options:
a)  Disgruntled
b)  Engaged
c)  Satisfied
d)  Overachieving
Question 45  1 / 1 point
Which of the following characteristics is not associated with successful entrepreneurs?
Question options:
a)  Strong social skills
b)  Optimism
c)  Pessimism
d)  Attractiveness
Question 46  1 / 1 point
 Research indicates that someone who is lying tends to ___________ less often than people telling the truth.
Question options:
a)  Blink
b)  Cough
c)  Fidget
d)  Hiccup
Question 47  1 / 1 point
Dr. Hughes conducts laboratory studies of the thought processes involved in problem solving. Which of the following types of psychologists is she most likely to be?
Question options:
a)  Evolutionary
b)  Cognitive
c)  Educational
d)  Social

Question 48  1 / 1 point
Personality psychology:
Question options:
a)  focuses on the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
b)  considers what makes people unique as well as the consistencies in people’s behavior across time and situations.
c)  examines the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and their relationship to behavior and thought.
d)  considers how the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.
Question 49  1 / 1 point
______________ is the study of how we perceive information, how we learn and remember, how we acquire and use language, and how we solve problems.
Question options:
a)  Social psychology
b)  Cognitive psychology
c)  Clinical psychology
d)  Educational psychology

Question 50  1 / 1 point
The industrial side of industrial/organizational psychology:
Question options:
a)  develops treatments for mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
b)  aims to increase productivity and satisfaction of workers by considering how the work environment and management styles influence worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity.
c)  applies principles of psychology to the selection and training of employees.
d)  explores how thought and behavior change and show stability across the life span.

Question 51  1 / 1 point
Max, an early researcher in psychology, was interested in how the mind worked. He attempted to break experiences down into its component parts. Max was most likely a:
Question options:
a)  structuralist.
b)  behaviorist.
c)  psychoanalyst.
d)  functionalist.

Question52  1 / 1 point
Emil Kraepelin was the first to describe “dementia praecox,” the mental disorder now known as _____________.
Question options:
a)  major depressive disorder
b)  bipolar disorder
c)  Munchausen’s syndrome
d)  schizophrenia

Question 53  1 / 1 point
Which of the following fields is considered a “parent” of the discipline of psychology?
Question options:
a)  Philosophy
b)  Literature
c)  Chemistry
d)  Physics

Question 54  1 / 1 point
In the 1870s the first laboratories in psychology were opened in _____________.
Question options:
a)  Germany
b)  Austria
c)  the United States
d)  China

Question 55  1 / 1 point
Julie is a psychologist and she is conducting research on the effect of talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving. Based on this information we can say that Julie is a(n) ______________ psychologist.
Question options:
a)  developmental
b)  evolutionary
c)  cognitive
d)  educational

Question 56  1 / 1 point
According to evolutionary psychology, language and science are examples of _____________.
Question options:
a)  softwiring
b)  by-products of adaptation
c)  chance mutations
d)  natural selection

Question 57  1 / 1 point
According to the view of mind-body dualism:
Question options:
a)  the mind and the body refer to the same entity.
b)  the mind controls the body.
c)  the soul is the confluence of mind and body.
d)  the mind and the body are controlled by our genetic makeup.

Question 58  1 / 1 point
______________ philosophy emphasizes the interdependence of body and mind.
Question options:
a)  Eastern
b)  Gestalt
c)  Developmental
d)  Clinical
Question 59  1 / 1 point
The point of view that human behavior is solely the result of ______________ appears to be a very Western, very North American idea.
Question options:
a)  nature
b)  inborn tendencies
c)  nurture
d)  genetics
Question 60  1 / 1 point
Which of the following topics is most likely to be studied by a developmental psychologist?
Question options:
a)  Are people who interact extensively with other people via Facebook more or less outgoing than those who do not?
b)  What is the effect of gender on interest and participation in social networking sites?
c)  What is the effect of talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving?
d)  How much of people’s personality is reflected in their Facebook profiles?

Question 61  1 / 1 point
More than just about any other area of psychology, ______________ psychology lends itself to a rich set of research questions regarding electronic interactions.
Question options:
a)  cognitive
b)  positive
c)  social
d)  clinical
Question 62  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is true about behavioral measures?
Question options:
a)  Behavioral measures provide more objective measurements because they come from a trained outside observer.
b)  Behavioral measures are not very time-intensive.
c)  Behavioral measures are more susceptible to social desirability bias than are self-report measures.
d)  Under this measure, people cannot modify their behavior even if they know they are being observed.
Question 63  1 / 1 point
Jessica wants to conduct a study about differences in jealousy between men and women. She asks 400 college men and women a series of questions about hypothetical scenarios of partner infidelity.
What is Jessica’s sample?
Question options:
a)  Women in the college
b)  The 400 college men and women chosen
c)  Men and women in the United States
d)  Men in the United States

Question 64  1 / 1 point
The advantage of naturalistic observation is:
Question options:
a)  it is easy to administer to large numbers of participants.
b)  it allows the researcher to ask people directly or indirectly what they think, feel, or have done.
c)  it gives researchers a look at real behavior in the real world.
d)  it allows the psychologist to control the conditions and demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
Question 64  1 / 1 point
The major limitation of the correlational approach is:
Question options:
a)  it influences the behavior of the participants via the experimenter’s knowledge of who is in which condition.
b)  it does not establish whether one variable actually causes the other or vice versa.
c)  people do not always accurately report their true thoughts or feelings.
d)  the probability of social desirability bias is extreme.

Question 65  1 / 1 point
Which of the following indicates the magnitude and the direction of the relationship between two variables?
Question options:
a)  An experiment
b)  Confounding variables
c)  A random assignment
d)  Correlation coefficients
Question 66  1 / 1 point
Dr. Bischer is conducting a study to determine if men who wear a new type of soccer uniform made from a specially designed fabric will perform better in soccer matches. She recruits a professional soccer team to participate. She randomly assigns half of the men to wear the new-material uniforms made in the color blue and the other half to wear old-material uniforms made in the color red. Although the men know of the uniform test, they are not told which of the uniforms is made from the new material. They are asked to wear their assigned uniforms and score as many goals as possible in a practice game against one another. Dr. Bischer is noting the number of goals scored. Ultimately, the men who are wearing the old uniforms score more goals and therefore win the game. Dr. Bischer speculates that the new uniforms are not more beneficial to performance than the old uniforms, but she will rerun her study a few more times.
What is the independent variable in Dr. Bischer’s study?
Question options:
a)  The men who did not know their roles in the study
b)  The type of uniform worn—old or new material
c)  The number of goals scored
d)  Trying to score as many goals as possible

Question 67  1 / 1 point
In a study on sugar consumption and activity level, an artificial sweetener would be an appropriate ____________.
Question options:
a)  pseudoscope
b)  nocebo
c)  ipsative
d)  placebo
Question 68  1 / 1 point
A graph of frequency scores is known as a ____________.
Question options:
a)  correlation
b)  contingency table
c)  distribution
d)  tabulation
Question 69  1 / 1 point
5% is the most frequent choice made by psychological researchers and is referred to as the ____________.
Question options:
a)  statistical inference
b)  probability-level
c)  variance
d)  standard deviation

Question 70  1 / 1 point
The ____________ is calculated by adding all the numbers together and dividing by the number of scores in the series.
Question options:
a)  standard deviation
b)  mean
c)  median
d)  mode
Question 71  1 / 1 point
The feeling of being in love is attributed to:
Question options:
a)  subjective consciousness.
b)  objective consciousness.
c)  psychic consciousness.
d)  intelligence.

Question 72  1 / 1 point
The limited capacity to process information that is under conscious control refers to:
Question options:
a)  encoding.
b)  reasoning.
c)  chunking.
d)  attention.

Question 73  1 / 1 point
Susanne is in an unresponsive condition though she can open her eyes. This suggests that she is in a ________ state.
Question options:
a)  hemiplegic
b)  quadriplegic
c)  vegetative
d)  catatonic

Question 74  1 / 1 point
Which of the following tests is used to study sustained attention?
Question options:
a)  Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test
b)  Stanford-Binet Test
c)  Continuous Performance Test (CPT)
d)  Stroop Test

Question 75  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is true?
Question options:
a)  The less hippocampal activation shown during high-wave sleep, the worse the person performs on the task the next day.
b)  The more hippocampal activation shown during high-wave sleep, the better the person performs on the task the next day.
c)  The more hippocampal activation shown during slow-wave sleep, the better the person performs on the task the next day.
d)  The more hippocampal activation shown during slow-wave sleep, the worse the person performs on the task the next day.

Question 76  1 / 1 point
EEG studies of people suffering from narcolepsy reveal:
Question options:
a)  protracted REM sleeping patterns.
b)  absence of sleep spindles.
c)  abnormality in sleep spindles.
d)  normal REM sleeping patterns.

Question 77  1 / 1 point
Why are women more likely to be affected by insomnia?
Question options:
a)  They are more prone to sleep less than two to four hours a day for two weeks or more.
b)  Women are more likely to consume alcohol.
c)  They are less likely to cope with medical conditions.
d)  They are more likely to be iron deficient.

Question 78  1 / 1 point
Which of the following holds true with regard to hypnosis?
Question options:
a)  Hypnotized people are in reality awake.
b)  Hypnotized people have voluntary control over their own behavior.
c)  Hypnotized people are in reality asleep.
d)  Hypnotized people retain critical faculties of mind.

Question 79  1 / 1 point
What did research by neuroscientist Amir Raz and colleagues reveal?
Question options:
a)  Highly hypnotizable people had more activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning
b)  Less hypnotizable people were able to suppress the Stroop effect
c)  Highly hypnotizable people had less activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning
d)  Both the highly hypnotizable and less hypnotizable people could remain resistant and show the same activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning,

Question 80  1 / 1 point
A synthesized form of the derivative of the grain fungus ergot is:
Question options:
a)  cocaine.
b)  LSD.
c)  marijuana.
d)  ecstasy.

Question 81  1 / 1 point
The legally permitted limit for the amount of alcohol consumption in the United States is ________ BAC.
Question options:
a)  0.1
b)  0.08
c)  0.05
d)  0.03

Question 82  1 / 1 point
If one hires a mathematician to change tires, what is the employer doing?
Question options:
a)  Promoting one’s strengths
b)  Giving them a projective test
c)  Not harnessing one’s strengths
d)  Encouraging one’s organizational citizenship
Question 83 1 / 1 point
 Which of the following is true as it relates IQ tests and selecting employees.
Question options:
a)  IQ tests are strong predictors of job satisfaction
b)  IQ tests are best used to predict employee productivity in highly specialized jobs like medical personnel, military, and private industry
c)  IQ tests are good for predicting the productivity of employees who require considerable time to learn job skills
d)  IQ tests are strong predictors of employee productivity in jobs requiring little skill
Question 84  1 / 1 point
 When employees are appraised positively for friendliness and not on work productivity, it is safe to say the appraisal contains this type of bias?
Question options:
a)  Leniency bias
b)  Halo bias
c)  Severity bias
d)  Recency bias
Question 85  1 / 1 point
 Penny has advanced social skills, is highly optimistic about her future, and a very attractive young lady. What profession does she have a chance of being successful?
Question options:
a)  Dentistry
b)  College professor
c)  Military
d)  Entrepreneur

Question 86  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is a behavioral approach to conserving natural resources?
Question options:
a) Reducing one’s gas bill for conservation practices
b) Giving one a cash rebate for buying an auto hybrid
c) Getting paid for recycling aluminum cans and bottles
d) All of the above
Question 87  1 / 1 point
Defendants who have which of the following are at greater risk of being convicted, independent of the factors of the case.
Question options:
a) Minority ethnic group stats
b) Blue collar worker
c) Uneducated
d) All of the above
Question 88  1 / 1 point
Many prehistoric cultures had ______________ that treated mental disorders by performing rituals to drive out the evil spirits that were thought to be the causes of such disorders.
Question options:
a)  shamans
b)  laggards
c)  hunters
d)  chiefs
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Question 89  1 / 1 point
Question options:
a)  examines how thought and behavior change and show stability across the life span.
b)  considers what makes people unique as well as the consistencies in people’s behavior across time and situations.
c)  focuses on the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
d)  considers how the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.
Question 90  1 / 1 point
Common sense, rather than the scientific method, is used by:
Question options:
a)  folk psychologists.
b)  clinical psychologists.
c)  research psychologists.
d)  social psychologists.
Question 91  1 / 1 point
Developmental psychology explores:
Question options:
a)  how we perceive information, how we learn and remember, how we acquire and use language, and how we solve problems.
b)  the links among brain, mind, and behavior.
c)  the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and their relationship to behavior and thought.
d)  how thought and behavior change and show stability across the life span.
Question 92  1 / 1 point
Psychology is most accurately defined as the _____________.
Question options:
a) study of people in terms of large-scale social forces and with a focus on groups rather than individuals
b) scientific study of human culture and origins
c) scientific study of thought and behavior .  
d) study of people through description and analysis of past events and artifacts
Question 93  1 / 1 point
Psychoanalysis assumes that the unconscious blocking, or repression, of disturbing thoughts and impulses—especially ______________ impulses—is at the heart of all maladaptive adult behavior.
Question options:
a)  sexual and aggressive
b)  illogical and depressive
c)  depressive and unethical
d)  aggressive and unethical
Question 94  1 / 1 point
______________ psychologists strive to understand people who are psychologically healthy, happy, and compassionate.
Question options:
a)  Cognitive
b)  Developmental
c)  Clinical
d)  Positive
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Question 95  1 / 1 point
What modern view of psychological disorders developed at the end of the 1800s?
Question options:
a)  Psychological disorders have an underlying physical cause and thus should be treated by physical means.
b)  Psychological disorders are actually thought disorders, rather than instances of spirit possession caused by witchcraft.
c)  Psychological disorders are mood disorders and should be treated by psychoanalysis.
d)  Psychological disorders are a form of illness that should be diagnosed and treated.
Question 96  1 / 1 point
In which of the following approaches to psychology was introspection the primary research method used to understand thoughts and behavior?
Question options:
a)  Psychophysics
b)  Structuralism
c)  Empiricism
d)  Behaviorism
Question 97  1 / 1 point
Which of the following terms refers to inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been naturally selected because they directly contribute in some way to reproductive success?
Question options:
a)  Circular logrolling
b)  Differential selection
c)  Adaptation
d)  Satisficing
Question 98  1 / 1 point
As compared to babies of uninfected mothers, babies whose mothers fought off infectious diseases when they were pregnant were _____________.
Question options:
a)  less likely to engage in peer conflicts as children
b)  more likely to develop schizophrenia
c)  less likely to develop major a depressive disorder
d)  more likely to develop advanced language skills
Question 99  1 / 1 point
According to the nature-only view, who we are comes from:
Question options:
a)  environmental forces.
b)  introspection and analysis.
c)  our experiences.
d)  inborn tendencies and genetically based traits.
Question 100  1 / 1 point
In psychology, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities is referred to as:
Question options:
a)  nature through nurture.
b)  mind-body dualism.
c)  evolutionary theory.
d)  cogito ergo sum.
Question 101  1 / 1 point
Which of the following questions is most likely to be answered by a personality psychologist?
Question options:
a)  At what age does usage of Internet social networks peak?
b)  How much of people’s personalities is reflected in their Facebook profiles?
c)  Will people above the age of sixty use the Internet?
d)  Does gender affect interest and participation in social networking sites?
Question 102  1 / 1 point
Anna is conducting research to find out if people who interact extensively with other people via Facebook are more or less outgoing than those who do not. Anna is most likely a ______________ psychologist.
Question options:
a)  personality
b)  clinical
c)  health
d)  social
Question 103  1 / 1 point
____________ sciences study the world of stars, light, waves, atoms, the earth, compounds, and molecules.
Question options:
a)  Environmental
b)  Biological
c)  Physical
d)  Social
Question 104  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is NOT a basic process of the scientific method?
Question options:
a)  Testing
b)  Interpreting
c)  Falsifying
d)  Observing
Question 105  1 / 1 point
In a(n) ____________, the answers are often open-ended and not constrained by the researcher.
Question options:
a)  interview
b)  case study
c)  questionnaire
d)  survey
Question 106  1 / 1 point
In the fourth step of the scientific method, scientists use mathematical techniques to ____________ the results and determine whether they are significant and closely fit the prediction or not.
Question options:
a)  test
b)  interpret
c)  observe
d)  predict
Question 107 1 / 1 point
A ____________ is a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.
Question options:
a)  hypothesis
b)  theory
c)  replication
d)  variable
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Question 108  1 / 1 point
In correlational designs, the basic question is:
Question options:
a)  Is X related to Y?
b)  What is variable X?
c)  What is X an example of?
d)  How does X result in Y?
Question 109  1 / 1 point
What is important while interpreting correlations?
Question options:
a)  Correlation is necessary and sufficient for causation.
b)  Variable X is correlated with variable Y. Hence X causes Y.
c)  A correlation does not mean there is a causal relationship between the two variables.
d)  When one variable causes another, it is not necessarily correlated with it.
Question 110  1 / 1 point
The ____________ variable is the outcome, or response to the experimental manipulation.
Question options:
a)  dependent
b)  experimental
c)  categorical
d)  predictor
Question 111  1 / 1 point
Dr. Bischer is conducting a study to determine if men who wear a new type of soccer uniform made from a specially designed fabric will perform better in soccer matches. She recruits a professional soccer team to participate. She randomly assigns half of the men to wear the new-material uniforms made in the color blue and the other half to wear old-material uniforms made in the color red. Although the men know of the uniform test, they are not told which of the uniforms is made from the new material. They are asked to wear their assigned uniforms and score as many goals as possible in a practice game against one another. Dr. Bischer is noting the number of goals scored. Ultimately, the men who are wearing the old uniforms score more goals and therefore win the game. Dr. Bischer speculates that the new uniforms are not more beneficial to performance than the old uniforms, but she will rerun her study a few more times.
From a scientific viewpoint, why was it important for Dr. Bischer to randomly assign the men to wear new uniforms or old uniforms?
Question options:
a)  Some of the men who could not participate that day were then used as a control group, and she wanted to make sure she had an even number of new and old uniforms left over.
b)  She wanted the men to feel they all had a chance of wearing their old uniforms, in which they would likely be more comfortable.
c)  She wanted to ensure that the two groups were, on average, similar in ability and motivation, so that any differences in the end would be due to the experimental manipulation.
d)  Some of the men will feel it was unfair that they did not get new uniforms and will not be motivated to be competitive—in this case, therefore, the uniform assigned was simply the luck of the draw.
Question 112  1 / 1 point
Clients undergoing treatment for phobic disorder agree to participate in a clinical trial of a new antidepressant medication. The clients are randomly divided into two groups. Both receive pills to take on a daily basis, but only one of the groups receives pills with the newly produced, active ingredients. The other group’s pills contain no active ingredients. In this study, the group that receives the pills that do not contain the active ingredients is called a(n) ____________.
Question options:
a)  control group
b)  sham-operated group
c)  treatment group
d)  experimental group
Question 113  1 / 1 point
The tool used to assess thought or behavior is called a ____________.
Question options:
a)  sample space
b)  subset
c)  measure
d)  non-empty set
Question 114  1 / 1 point
____________ allow us to determine how likely it is that two or more samples came from the same population.
Question options:
a)  Inferential statistics
b)  Descriptive statistics
c)  Statistical inferences
d)  Predictive inferences
Question 115  1 / 1 point
The ____________ is the number of times a particular score occurs in a set of data.
Question options:
a)  percentile
b)  frequency
c)  variance
d)  standard deviation
Question 116  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is true of Stanley Milgram’s famous study of obedience?
Question options:
a)  It showed how psychologists chose to manipulate theories to suit their conclusions.
b)  It explained many aspects of learner-teacher interactions.
c)  Although it yielded powerful results, it placed great distress on participants.
d)  It showed how people are quick to make judgments about groups.
Question 117  1 / 1 point
When does an individual attain a flow state?
Question options:
a)  When he/she thrives in his/her ability to rise to the occasion of challenging tasks.
b)  When he/she is able to maintain focused awareness on a target.
c)  When he/she is barely awake or aware but shows some deliberate movements.
d)  When he/she recollects material that is potentially accessible but not currently available to awareness.
Question 118  1 / 1 point
Which of the following describes the interrelation of concentration and attention?
Question options:
a)  the cognitive load theory
b)  the global workspace model
c)  the perceptual load model
d)  Baddeley’s model
Question 119  1 / 1 point
When an individual engages in synchronization, he/she:
Question options:
a)  has a conscious experience.
b)  has a subconscious experience.
c)  hallucinates.
d)  becomes unconscious.
Question 120  1 / 1 point
The body’s biological clock is located in the:
Question options:
a)  thalamus.
b)  pineal gland.
c)  hypothalamus.
d)  pituitary gland.
Question 121  1 / 1 point
How many stages are there to non-REM sleep?
Question options:
a)  four
b)  three
c)  five
d)  six
Question 122  1 / 1 point
Why does sleep enhance learning and memory?
Question options:
a)  It increases hormonal growth in the brain.
b)  It increases polyclonal response in the brain.
c)  It increases humoral growth in the brain.
d)  It increases neural growth in the brain.
Question 123  1 / 1 point
Which of the following is released in the brain when one feels sociable and affectionate?
Question options:
a)  endorphin
b)  dopamine
c)  estrogen
d)  serotonin
Question 124  1 / 1 point
 Which of the following is considered a field of applied psychology?
Question options:
a)  Organizational psychology
b)  Human factors psychology
c)  Personnel psychology
d)  All of the above
Applied Psychology: Personnel Psychology
Question 125  1 / 1 point
 Which of the following assessment tools is considered a primary means of evaluating job applicants and a stronger predictor of productivity?
Question options:
a)  Structured interviews
b)  Projective tests
c)  Unstructured interviews
d)  Handwriting tests
Question 126  1 / 1 point
 When appraisal ratings are based on the employee’s most current performance and not performance throughout the year, it is possible that the appraisal may have contained what?
Question options:
a)  Halo biases
b)  Leniency biases
c)  Recency biases
d)  Severity biases
Question 127  1 / 1 point
 Of the following employees, who is most likely “job satisfied?”
Question options:
a)  Avery: has not missed a day of work but is unproductive
b)  Pete: has missed ten days of work and experienced one accident that kept him out of the work environment for ten days
c)  Jim: has not missed a day of work in the last 3 years and has not experienced a work related accident
d)  Bellamy: has missed two weeks and wants to resign from the job
Question 128  1 / 1 point
 Which of the following characteristics is associated with job satisfaction?
Question options:
a) Low absenteeism
b) An increase in productivity
c) Experiences fewer work related accidents
d) All of the choices are characteristics associated with job satisfaction
Question 129  1 / 1 point
Jerry has difficulty reading the dashboard controls on his new car.  According to a human factors psychologist, Jerry has a problem with _______________.
Question options:
a)  voice effects
b)  intelligence tests
c)  simulated tasks
d)  usability
Question 130  1 / 1 point
Environmental psychologists have identified “at risk” behaviors among persons from developing countries.  Which of the following are “at risk” behaviors?
Question options:
a)  They exhaust planet resources and do not replace them
b)  They display poor agricultural techniques
c)  They pollute water supplies
d)  All of the above