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Chapter 22
Problems 1-5,11
1. Use the following to calculate profit at each quantity of output.
(Total) Output (Q) Price (P) Total Revenue (TR) Total Cost (TC)
0 $1,900 $ 0 $1,000
1 $1,700 $ 1,700 $2,000
2 $1,650 $ 3,300 $2,800
3 $1,600 $ 4,800 $3,500
4 $1,550 $ 6,200 $4,000
5 $1,500 $ 7,500 $4,500
6 $1,450 $ 8,700 $5,200
7 $1,400 $ 9,800 $6,000
8 $1,350 $10,800 $7,000
9 $1,300 $11,700 $9,000
2. Use the table in exercise 1 to calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost.
3. Use the information in exercises 1 and 2 to graphically show maximum profit. Label the profit maximizing quantity and price, total cost, total revenue, and profit.
4. Can accounting profit be positive and economic profit negative? Can accounting profit be negative and economic profit positive? Explain.
5. Use the following information to calculate accounting profit and economic profit.
Sales $100
Employee expenses $40
Inventory expenses $20
Value of owner’s labor in any other enterprise $40
General Barclays Bank Microsoft
Motors
Sales $50,091 $5,730 $2,750
Wages and
salaries $29,052 $3,932 $ 400
Cost of capital $12,100 $ 750 $ 35
Interest on debt $ 7,585 $ 275 $ 5
Cost of materials $ 6,500 $ 556 $1,650
11. Use the information in the table to calculate total revenue, marginal revenue, and marginal cost. Indicate the profit-maximizing level of output. If the price was $3 and fixed costs were $5, what would
variable costs be? At what level of output would the firm produce?
Chapter 23.
Problems 1,14
1. Cost figures for a hypothetical firm are given in the following table. Use them for the exercises below. The firm is selling in a perfectly competitive market.
OutputFixed Cost AFC Variable Cost AVC Total Cost ATC MC
1 $50 $ 30
2 $50 $ 50
3 $50 $ 80
4 $50 $120
5 $50 $170
a. Fill in the blank columns.
b. What is the minimum price needed by the firm to break even?
c. What is the shutdown price?
d. At a price of $40, what output level would the firm produce? What would its profits be?
14. Use the following data for the exercises below.
Quantity Quantity
Price Supplied Demanded
$20 30 0
$18 25 5
$16 20 10
$14 15 15
$12 10 20
$10 5 25
$ 8 0 30
a. What is the equilibrium price and quantity?
b. Draw the demand and supply curves. If this represents perfect competition, are the curves individual-firm or market curves? How is the quantity supplied derived
c. Show the consumer surplus. Show the producer surplus.
d. Suppose that a price ceiling of $12 was imposed. How would this change the consumer and producer surplus? Suppose a price floor of $16 was imposed. How would this change the consumer and producer surplus?
Chapter 24.
6,8
6. In the following figure, if the monopoly firm faces ATC1 , which rectangle measures total profit? If the monopoly firm faces ATC2 , what is total profit? What information would you need in order to know whether the monopoly firm will shut down or continue
producing in the short run? In the long run?
8. Consider the following demand schedule. Does it apply to a perfectly competitive firm? Compute marginal and average revenue.
Price Quantity Price Quantity
$95 2 $55 5
$88 3 $40 6
$80 4 $22 7
Chapter 25
Problems 11,13
11. The cement industry is an example of an undifferentiated oligopoly. The automobile industry is a differentiated oligopoly. Which of these two is more likely to advertise? Why?
13. Use the payoff matrix below for the following exercises. The payoff matrix indicates the profit outcome that corresponds to each firm’s pricing strategy.
Firm A’s Price
$20 $15
$20 Firm A earns $40 profit Firm A earns $35
Firm B earns $37 profit profit
Firm B earns $39
$15 Firm A earns $49 profit profit
Firmt B earns $30 profitFirm A earns $38
profit
Firm B earns $35
profit
a. Firms A and B are members of an oligopoly. Explain the interdependence that exists in oligopolies using the payoff matrix facing the two firms.
b. Assuming that the firms cooperate, what is the solution to the problem facing the firms?
c. Given your answer to part (b), explain why cooperation would be mutually beneficial and then explain why one of the firms might cheat.
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