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Presentation/PPT
27/08/2022
Health Promotion week 3 peers response
respond to peers thoughtfully, add value to the discussion, and apply ideas, insights, or concepts from scholarly sources, such as: journal articles, assigned readings, textbook material, lectures, course materials, or authoritative websites. For specific details and criteria, refer to the discussion rubric in the Menu (⋮) or in the Course Overview Weekly Discussion Guidelines.
1st peer resp
Emilee Harper
·
Define health disparity in your own words.
– Health disparity refers to avoidable and unjust differences in health outcomes or access to healthcare between different groups of people. These differences are often linked to social, economic, and environmental factors and are considered unfair or unjust because they are preventable and can be addressed through targeted interventions. (
Health disparities, 2023)
·
Identify a specific health disparity using scholarly evidence.
– One specific health disparity is the disparity in maternal mortality rates among different racial and ethnic groups. Numerous studies have highlighted significant disparities in maternal mortality, with Black women in the United States experiencing disproportionately higher rates compared to White women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Black women are about three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications than White women. (
Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021)
·
Discuss the social determinants of health that influence this disparity.
Socioeconomic Status: Low socioeconomic status is associated with limited access to quality healthcare, including prenatal and postnatal care. Economic factors can affect a woman’s ability to take time off work for medical appointments, potentially leading to delayed or inadequate care. (Latoya Hill, 2023)
Racial and Ethnic Disparities: Institutional racism and bias within the healthcare system contribute to disparities in maternal care. Discrimination and implicit biases may result in suboptimal care and lack of attention to the specific needs of Black women during pregnancy and childbirth. (Latoya Hill, 2023)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b, May 26).
Health disparities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm#:~:text=Health%20disparities%20are%20preventable%20differences,youth%20health%20risk%20behaviors%20persist
.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, March 16).
Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/maternal-mortality/2021/maternal-mortality-rates-2021.htm
Latoya Hill, S. A. (2023, June 15).
Racial disparities in maternal and infant health: Current status and efforts to address them. KFF.
https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/racial-disparities-in-maternal-and-infant-health-current-status-and-efforts-to-address-them/#:~:text=Research%20has%20documented%20that%20social,of%20mortality%20among%20Black%20infants
.
2nd peers resp
Amie Bonham
Define health disparity in your own words.
Health disparity is the difference in healthcare access between populations, often influenced by socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, or location.
Identify a specific health disparity using scholarly evidence.
The specific health disparity I chose to review was racial and ethnic disparities with access to trauma care. Black, Hispanic, and Asian trauma patients have been shown to have worse outcomes compared to White trauma patients, with the Black race specifically noted to have higher odds of mortality than those of White race (Banks et al., 2023). In a second study, Black and Hispanic patients had a higher incidence of undertriage, leading to worse outcomes compared to White trauma patients (Alber et al., 2021). While no specific rationale was identified for the incidence of undertriage in that study, there have been other trauma researchers working to identify the geographical location of trauma centers with relationship to patients of a specific race. According to Knowlton (2019), patients injured more than five miles away from a trauma center are considered to be in a “trauma desert,” and it was found that more Blacks were located within “trauma deserts” in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City.
Discuss the social determinants of health that influence this disparity.
Several social determinants can affect a patient’s access to trauma care. One discussed above is the geographical location of trauma centers leading to delays in receiving life-saving care. Other social determinants include socioeconomic status and health insurance. Patients with lower incomes may face financial burdens and limited resources for transportation or an inability to afford medical care. Lack of health insurance can also impact receiving appropriate medical care in a timely manner.
References
Alber, D. A., Dalton, M. K., Uribe-Leitz, T., Ortega, G., Salim, A., Haider, A. H., & Jarman, M. P. (2021). A Multistate Study of Race and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Trauma Care.
The Journal of Surgical Research,
257, 486–492.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.031
Banks, K. C., Mooney, C. M., Borthwell, R., Victorino, K., Coutu, S., Mazzolini, K., Dzubnar, J., Browder, T. D., & Victorino, G. P. (2023). Racial Disparities Among Trauma Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Journal of Surgical Research,
281, 89–96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.015
Knowlton, L. M. (2019). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Geographic Access to Trauma Care—A Multiple-Methods Study of US Urban Trauma Deserts.
JAMA Network Open,
2(3), e190277.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0277
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