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27/08/2022
Pie of Life Exercise
Draw a circle into segments to represent your current pie of life. Each segment (or slice of the
pie) represents the different roles you play and the amount of time and energy devoted to
each. Indicate in each slice a life role you assume and the amount of time and energy you
devote to each. 2. Reflect in one or two paragraphs, how the slices of your pie represent the
different life roles they play. (a) What roles take more time and energy? (b) How do work and
home roles interact? 3. Now draw your preferred pie of life. (a) Discuss in a paragraph or two
how the two life pies compare and the (b) explain how this activity is useful for prioritizing your
time and planning your future career goals.
See examples below
Joseph Emile (2019)
21%
26%
10%
5%
16%
11%
11%
Life Roles
(current pie of life)
Student Intern Spiritualist Volunteer Friend Family member/Loved one Rest & Self-care
Joseph Emile (2019)
24%
19%
7%3%
9%
10%
9%
9%
10%
PREFERED LIFE ROLES
( PREFERRED P I E OF L I F E )
Spiritualist Clinicial / Intern Volunteer Student Activist
Author Internationalist Researcher Rest & Self care
Dunn & Halonen
The Psychology
Major’s Companion
Chapter 5: Hitting Your Stride
as a Student
I never lose.
I either win or learn.
~Nelson Mandela
African leader
Chapter Objectives
Explain what is meant by academic success.
Share strategies for improving time management.
Provide study and test-taking strategies.
Discuss academic and digital integrity.
Student Learning Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
Gain insight into how to invest time to maximize success.
Develop some strategies to improve their quality of sleep.
Have better intentions about adopting strategies that support academic success.
Achieve more effective impression management on the web.
Time-Management Obstacles (1 of 2)
The Planning Fallacy
People routinely underestimate the time needed to complete projects successfully.
Positive Illusions
People evaluate their abilities in more optimistic terms than they deserve.
Time-Management Obstacles (2 of 2)
Overconfidence Effect
Despite evidence to the contrary, people persist in the belief that everything—grades, projects, homework—will work out in their favor.
Managing Your Time
Become time savvy.
Budget time wisely.
Keep up with work in demanding courses while attending to assignments in less demanding courses.
Where Do Students Spend Their Time?
| Activity | Percent of Students’ Time |
| Attending class/lab | 9% |
| Studying | 7% |
| Work/Volunteer/Clubs | 9% |
| Sleep | 24% |
| Socializing/Recreation | 51% |
Managing Your Time: Some Solutions
Keep a time diary.
Track all of your activities so you can learn how your time is actually spent; make changes accordingly.
Get adequate sleep each night.
Strive to obtain 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night; more or less than this amount is counterproductive to health and well-being.
Reality Check: What Steals My Time?
Identify the top three time thieves that complicate your efficient management of academic life.
What could you do to make improvements that would enhance your academic performance?
Improving Study Skills (1 of 8)
Read strategically.
Reading is more challenging due to technology (Tweeting, texting).
Fewer people seem to be reading for pleasure.
Students often read assignments too quickly (drive-by reading).
People reflect on material in shallow ways.
Improving Study Skills (2 of 8)
SQ4R Method of Reading
Survey Get a feel for the reading.
Question Turn chapter headings into questions.
Read Do the reading.
Recite/ Answer the questions aloud and in your Relate own words.
Record Write down your thoughts.
Review Do a memory check by answering questions without looking at the answers.
Improving Study Skills (3 of 8)
Avoid highlighting and underlining text since it does not lead to better recall.
Empirically demonstrated to be ineffective
Distracts students from more practical study techniques that do work (e.g., SQ4R)
Improving Study Skills (4 of 8)
Take smart notes.
Taking notes with pen and paper leads to better recall than does typing on a laptop or tablet.
Students using digital tools take verbatim (word-for-word) notes, while those who write put concepts into their own words.
Listening without taking notes fails to seize a natural opportunity to consolidate your learning.
Improving Study Skills (5 of 8)
Space learning (study) across time.
Students who study for fixed but frequent intervals perform better on exams than those who “cram” at the last minute.
Students who space study are also less stressed when taking exams because study is routine rather than the exception to the routine.
Improving Study Skills (6 of 8)
Use multiple retrieval cues.
Study in different places across time.
This practice links material to multiple, different retrieval cues in the environment, facilitating later recall.
Improving Study Skills (7 of 8)
OTHER POINTERS FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Always attend class.
Schedule study time for each class.
Keep track of important dates.
Begin assignments and reading early.
Improving Study Skills (8 of 8)
OTHER POINTERS FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Take a break when you are tired.
Always review key terms and do any practice tests or quizzes.
Celebrate achievements.
Test Taking 101 (1 of 5)
Look over an exam before starting it.
Budget your time per question.
Answer longer (essay) questions first.
Save shorter (multiple-choice) questions for last.
Test Taking 101 (2 of 5)
Excel on multiple-choice questions.
Read all alternatives.
Rule out those you can.
Select the option that “feels” best.
When you don’t know an answer, skip to the next question.
Do the skipped questions last.
Test Taking 101 (3 of 5)
Answer essay questions effectively.
Put your pen down and read the question carefully.
Determine what is being asked.
Jot down a small outline.
Answer the question using the outline.
Review your answer to make sure you answered all parts of the question.
Test Taking 101 (4 of 5)
Pace yourself during an exam.
Keep track of time.
Never leave a question blank.
Write something.
An instructor cannot give any points for a “blank” answer.
Test Taking 101 (5 of 5)
Never leave an exam early.
If you finish, use the remaining time to review your answers.
Make certain you didn’t forget to answer any multiple-choice question.
Verify that you answered all parts of the essay questions.
Stay relaxed.
Anxious About Math? (1 of 3)
Conquer math anxiety.
Math anxiety is not unusual.
Psychology majors must become comfortable with numbers and statistics.
Complete math and statistics requirements as early as possible.
Take advantage of resources (e.g., tutors, instructor office hours, homework).
Anxious About Math? (2 of 3)
If you struggle with any class, seek help right away.
Speak to the instructor.
Ask about tutors.
Use the writing center for papers.
Anxious About Math? (3 of 3)
Suggestions for Students with Disabilities
Speak to your instructor.
Make an appointment with the Disability Services Office.
Learn your institution’s policies to obtain any accommodations.
Grades
Keep good and bad grades in perspective.
Don’t dwell on high or low scores.
Identify problem areas on an exam so that you can avoid making similar errors in the future.
Try an Exam Wrapper
Review your performance on every test.
How did you prepare?
What errors did you make? Do they suggest a pattern?
Are there things you could do differently to be more successful next time?
Personal Ethics (1 of 3)
Practice positive ethical habits: They matter now and in the future.
Do your own work.
Never plagiarize.
Whether you intend to plagiarize or plagiarize unintentionally, the outcome is the same: You are using someone else’s ideas without crediting them theft of ideas.
Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism
Paraphrase what you read by translating original material into different words.
When paraphrasing, never look at the original text.
Draft a summary in your own words.
Compare your summary with the original.
Repeat these steps until you are satisfied with your own text.
Other Ways to Avoid Plagiarism
Don’t cut and paste online material into your text; paraphrase it.
Use your own ideas; use others’ ideas to support your points.
Keep a detailed list of references.
Use author citations (Jones, 2016) in your writing.
Use quotes sparingly (like salt).
Personal Ethics (2 of 3)
Avoid behaviors that will tarnish your reputation.
Never cheat.
Don’t submit the same work to multiple classes.
Don’t create “fake” citations or invent material.
Don’t misuse materials (e.g., using a calculator when not permitted to do so, getting an advance copy of a test).
Personal Ethics (3 of 3)
Don’t interfere with or impede the normal process.
Don’t block another student’s successful performance.
Don’t attempt to influence an instructor (e.g., threat, bribe, pleading).
Don’t share your homework with others.
Don’t give false excuses (e.g., tell fibs about why you were absent, fake illness).
Navigating Cyberspace
Be digitally savvy.
Whatever you post on the Internet is there forever.
Make certain that your social media accounts are not open to everyone.
Make it a habit to send appropriate email messages to instructors.
Conclusions: Closing the Loop
Learn from your mistakes:
You have the chance to reinvent yourself at the start of each semester.
Adopt a growth mindset:
Learn to love feeling challenged.
Overcome wishful thinking:
Hoped-for outcomes often don’t happen—you must work for what you want.
Always do your best work:
Treat each responsibility as worth doing well.
Discussion Questions (1 of 2)
How can you manage your time more effectively? Identify three possible changes.
Are you getting enough sleep? How can you ensure that you do?
Have you always relied on the same study techniques? How do you know that they are actually effective?
Discussion Questions (2 of 2)
Do you always study in the same place? If yes, why not try to study in other places?
Which test-taking strategy would you like to try? Why?
How can you become a better student? List some steps you can take.
What is your current cyberidentity like? Should you make any changes?
5_Effective_Study_Strategies1.pdf
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