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Presentation/PPT
27/08/2022
Sample Informative Speech, courtesy of Jody Littleton
Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, my audience will be more aware of the formation, and frequency of tornadoes.
Introduction:
Attention: When I was about ten years old, my mom and I were having Sunday dinner with my grandparents. A large storm came through the area that caused a tornado. Luckily the tornado missed my grandparents’ house but the Lake Mattoon area wasn’t so lucky. Driving home we had to go a different route because there was full size house trailer sitting in the middle of the road upside down.
Credibility Ever since then, I have been fascinated with tornadoes and when I took a weather and climate class I discovered that at this time of year is when we are most likely to see a tornado.
Relate to audience: You might also have seen funnel clouds or been involved in a tornado. Even if you haven’t knowing about tornados might be helpful because….
Thesis: Tornadoes are a unusual type of storm common here in Illinois.
Preview. So let’s discover a few things about tornadoes. : 1st how they form, and then their frequency in different parts of the country.
Transition: let’s begin by looking at how tornadoes are formed
. (this transition is optional)
Body:
I. A tornado is the most violent storm nature produces.
A. A tornado starts when a funnel-shaped cloud hangs down from the sky but doesn’t touch the ground.
B
. When the cloud hits the ground, it’s known as a tornado.
1. The tornado can either be irregular and wide
2. Or very smooth and rope-like.
(Show slide with photos of 2 types of tornadoes)
C
. Tornadoes form in cumulonimbus clouds – a tall mushroom shaped cloud commonly known as thunderstorm clouds.
(Photo of cumulonimbus cloud on PowerPoint)
D.
The inner part of the tornado is known as the vortex.
1. This is composed of intense, circulating air around a central core.
2. When viewed from above, it rotates counterclockwise.
E. According a
recent lecture by
Ed Kieser, a meteorologist and Parkland Instructor, there are 3 main ingredients needed for a tornado to occur.
1. Warm air with an abundant supply of moisture is needed in the lowest level of the atmosphere.
2. Another layer of cooler and dryer air lays above the lowest level.
a. This causes instability.
1. Finally, the jet stream needs to be at a high altitude.
F. There are three characteristics that are common to ALL tornadoes.
1. Heavy hail and downpours precede and follow the tornado.
2. There is intense lightening, which helps to spot one at night.
3. Supersonic winds can cause a loud noise resembling the roar of trains.
Transition: So you know what a tornado looks like but you may be asking “Will I be likely to see one?”
II. Tornadoes occur more frequently in some parts of the U.S. than others.
A. Tornado Alley is a section of the United States that stretches north from Texas to Iowa, as defined by
The Weather Channel website accessed last week.
1. This area receives the most tornadoes.
a. However according to the
IL State Water Survey website August 16, 2015 “
tornadoes frequently occur in Illinois with numbers that are comparable to those in “tornado alley”.”
3. Most tornadoes occur in April, May, and June. So we are now in tornado season – we could have tornado tonight or next week!
B. According to Flora Snowden, author of book ”
Tornadoes of the United States
”, the record number of tornadoes occurring in 1 year was 1,109 in 1973, which caused 87 deaths.”
C. There is an average of 708 per year, with an average of 93 deaths and many more injuries.
1. Illinois averages about 28 yearly.
a. Most occur March thru May and happen from 4-6 p.m.
c. According to the book
Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Building Damage,
Illinois has experienced two of the worst tornadoes in the nation’s history: the infamous Tri-State tornado of March 18, 1925, with 695 dead, 2000 injured, and $130 million in property damage; the Mattoon tornado of May 26, 1917, with 101 dead, 638 injured, and $55 million in property damage.
D. In Snowden’s book the typical Midwest tornado is…
1. on the ground for 30 minutes,
2. Covers 15 miles,
3. Leaves a damage strip 300 yards wide
. (Show photo of damage done by tornado in Illinois)
E. However, a tornado can occasionally stay on the ground for 200 miles and have a damage strip over a mile wide.
Conclusion:
Summary: Now you know how the tornado forms, and where they appear.
Closing thought: So, if you happen to be outdoors around supper time in May and a storm is brewing, keep watch and don’t be surprised if a tornado develops. Maybe you’ll become as fascinated as I did.
Works Cited
Eagleman, J. (1975).
Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Building Damage. Lexington Books.
Flora, S. (1953).
Tornadoes of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman.
Kieser, Ed, meteorologist & Parkland College instructor, personal interview, March 1, 2015
Stanford, J. (1987).
Tornado: Accounts of Tornadoes in Iowa. (2nd ed.) . Ames: Iowa State University Press.
Eiger
Richard W. (2008).
The World Almanac and Book of Facts: 2009.
The Illinois Water Survey website.
http://www.isws.illinois.edu/atmos/statecli/Tornado/ilmaps.htm. accessed August 16, 2015
The Weather Channel Homepage. WWW.WEATHER.COM. accessed March 19, 2015
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