The writer is very fast, professional and responded to the review request fast also. Thank you.
Presentation/PPT
27/08/2022
Dunn & Halonen
The Psychology
Major’s Companion
Chapter 7: Doing Psychology Research from Start to Finish
One of the first rules of science is if somebody delivers a secret weapon to you, you better use it.
~ Herbert A. Simon, Cognitive Psychologist
Chapter Objectives
Explain how to conduct psychological research.
Describe how to communicate research findings to others.
Explore navigating the psychological literature and cyberspace.
Introduce APA style for writing about and citing research.
Describe how psychologists express ideas using public speaking skills.
Student Learning Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
Master expectations set forth in APA format for experimental research papers.
Trouble-shoot and personalize the challenges that can happen in public speaking.
Differentiate high-quality sources from improper or less helpful sources.
Describe the values psychologists exercise when they communicate their ideas to professional audiences.
Research Overview (1 of 3)
Psychological research is empirical.
In experiments, some participants receive the experimental level of the independent variable; others are the control group.
Random assignment ensures that all participants have the same chance of being placed in the experimental or control group.
Research Overview (2 of 3)
Psychologists assess the outcome of the experiment.
They measure the dependent variable, or how participants react to the experimental or control condition represented in the independent variable.
Research Overview (3 of 3)
Psychologists also collect and interpret peer-reviewed research in literature reviews.
Such reviews frame a topic to make claims about what caused a particular behavior.
Other Research Approaches
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Archival research
Quasi-experimental research
Literature review
Meta-analysis
Psychologists have lots of options beyond formal experiments for gathering evidence to explain behavior.
Creating Research Ideas (1 of 2)
Where can you get research ideas?
Look around – What’s happening on campus?
Extend what is already known – Try changing variables in a published study.
Find a paradox – Look for topics that defy conventional expectations (“opposites attract” vs. “birds of a feather”).
Creating Research Ideas (2 of 2)
Where can you get research ideas?
Identify a real-life problem – For example, how can food waste in the cafeteria be reduced?
What psychological issues puzzle you? – The issues can be about yourself or peers.
Sources for Developing Psychological Claims
NOT APPROPRIATE
Popular sources
YouTube
The Onion
Psychology Today
Newspaper articles
APPROPRIATE
Peer-reviewed journal articles
Chapters and books that summarize what is known about a psychological topic
Doing Efficient Library Research (1 of 6)
Identify a proper psychology database.
PsycINFO – contains citations and abstracts
PsycARTICLES – contains complete text of articles
Doing Efficient Library Research (2 of 6)
Search databases efficiently.
Obtain search terms—key terms linked to psychological topics.
Available in PsycINFO’s online thesaurus of psychological index terms and encyclopedias of psychology
Consult the Library of Congress Subject headings to learn what other search terms are linked to your search terms.
Doing Efficient Library Research (3 of 6)
Refine your search if you get too many hits.
Check the online catalog of books in your library.
Use the references you have to locate additional references.
TIP: Always ask reference librarians for help if you need it; they like complex puzzles.
Doing Efficient Library Research (4 of 6)
Search the Internet.
With care—it is not selective.
Be critical.
Doing Efficient Library Research (5 of 6)
Evaluate Internet evidence.
Is it ACCURATE?
Is the author EXPERT and CREDIBLE?
Is the perspective OBJECTIVE?
Is the information CURRENT?
Is the scope of COVERAGE reasonable?
Overall, how helpful is this resource for supporting the argument you are creating?
Doing Efficient Library Research (6 of 6)
Read ambitiously.
If the paper requires 10 sources, plan to read substantially more than that.
Your goal is to construct an argument with the 10 best resources you can find, not the first 10 you can find.
Doing a Search: Summary
Step 1 – Choose a topic.
Step 2 – Gather search terms.
Step 3 – Collect references (journals, chapters, books, other).
Step 4 – Search reference lists in sources for other references; go back to step 3.
Step 5 – Consult a reference librarian to expand or narrow search.
Writing About Psychology
APA Style
Represents rules for sharing scientific research in psychology
Writing style is predictable, consistent, and accessible.
Details can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
APA Style Research or Lab Report (1 of 5)
Organized into four main sections:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
APA Style Research or Lab Report (2 of 5)
Introduction
Presents what is already known about topic
Explains current study’s question
Identifies measured and manipulated variables
Defines hypothesis being tested
APA Style Research or Lab Report (3 of 5)
Method
Describes participants (number, sex, age)
Describes materials (equipment, surveys, questions)
Describes procedure (what was done, step by step, from start to finish)
APA Style Research or Lab Report (4 of 5)
Results
Concisely describes findings
Focuses on behavior
Provides statistical analyses
Does not interpret findings
APA Style Research or Lab Report (5 of 5)
Discussion
Interprets findings
Identifies possible improvements for replicating the work
Suggests next step in research
The Sequence of Sections of the APA Style Paper (1 of 2)
Title page – page 1
Abstract – page 2
Introduction – page 3
Method – follows Introduction
Results – follows Method
The Sequence of Sections of the APA Style Paper (2 of 2)
Discussion – follows Results
References – page after Discussion
Tables – separate page(s)
Figures – separate page(s)
Appendix
Master These APA Rules
Double-space everything.
Use 1-inch margins on all pages.
Do not justify the right margin.
Use easy-to-read 12-point font (e.g., Times Roman).
Number pages on the upper right margin.
Indent all paragraphs except for the Abstract.
Literature Review Papers
Summarize what is known about a psychological topic.
Three parts:
Topic overview – theme, purpose
Main section – review of material
Closing section – main conclusions
Other Writing Formats
Posters
Grant proposals
Technical reports
Case notes
Journal entries
Memoranda
Try to get as much experience as you can with different kinds of professional writing in psychology.
Stand and Deliver (1 of 2)
Tips About Good Public Speaking
Good speakers are usually nervous.
Always introduce yourself and state your purpose in speaking.
Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse.
Practice with technology (PowerPoint).
Stay on topic.
Stand and Deliver (2 of 2)
Tips About Good Public Speaking
Look professional, act professional.
Engage your audience (make eye contact, use humor).
Don’t end abruptly.
Give thoughtful responses to questions.
Target your speech to the time available.
Conclusion
Crafting successful communication—from developing research ideas to the final written or oral product—depends on hard work.
Start early, ask for help, practice, and then get ready for positive reinforcement.
Discussion Questions
What are some ways to generate research or paper topics?
Why are journal articles preferred over other sources?
What are some research challenges posed by the Internet?
If you were writing a psychology paper now, what would your topic be?
Which public speaking tip might help you be a better speaker?
The writer is very fast, professional and responded to the review request fast also. Thank you.
Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.
Read moreEach paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.
Read moreThanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.
Read moreYour email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.
Read moreBy sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.
Read more